Estoy muy agradecida con la materia ya que me dio nuevas herramientas de estudio y de compresión del ingles y de esta manera me he sentido mas cómoda al momento de estudiarlo y de comprenderlo ya que anteriormente siempre se me ha complicado el estudio del mismo, pero ya con estas herramientas tengo base para entenderlo y poder descifrar un texto. La materia, además de darme herramientas del idioma me permitió aprender nuevas tecnologías para llegar a muchas personas al mismo tiempo y de ese modo darme a conocer a todas partes del mundo.
sábado, 7 de agosto de 2010
Proyecto Final
A. Categorías lexicales y uso del diccionario.
Organizational behavior (OB) is a term related to the study of individual and group dynamics in an organizational setting, as well as the nature of the organizations themselves. Whenever people interact in organizations, many factors come into play. The subject of Organizational Studies attempts to understand and model these factors. This subject is becoming more important as people with diverse backgrounds and cultural values have to work together effectively and efficiently. OB seeks to emphasize the understanding of behavior in organizations so as to develop competencies in foreseeing how people are likely to behave. This knowledge may then help in controlling those behaviors that are not befitting the objectives of the organizations. Factors like objectivity, replicability and sustainability are important while selecting the methods for this purpose. Questionnaire, interview, simulation and survey are generally used to elicit responses of individuals located in different types of organizations. To a large extent their personalities affect the nature of their responses.
http://www.unesco.org/education/aladin/paldin/pdf/course02/unit_14.pdf
1. Identificación de palabras que no se conocen su significado: Uso del diccionario.. agrega las abreviaciones (al menos 5 palabras)
- Themselves: pron. ellos mismos.
- Whenever: conj. siempre que.
- interview: Esntrevista. Sustantivo.
- knowledge: n.Conocimiento.
- sustainability: Sostenible.
2. Tiempo verbales (selecciona 1 ejemplo para cada tiempo verbal presente en el texto).
• Organizational behavior (OB) is a term related to the study of individual and group dynamics in an organizational setting (PRESENTE SIMPLE).
• This knowledge may then help in controlling those behaviors that are not befitting the objectives of the organizations. (PRESENTE CONTINUO).
3. Idea principal del texto
El texto habla acerca del estudio en el comportamiento en las organizaciones tanto individual como las dinámicas de grupo, así como la manera en que las personas interactúan en las organizaciones.
4. Categorías lexicales: (2 ejemplos por categoría)
• Palabras de contenido: study, cultural.
• Palabras de Función: Whenever, large.
• Verbos: study, have.
• Adverbio: likely
• Adjetivo: individuals, cultural, important.
• Artículo: the, a.
• Preposiciones: of, to.
• Conjunción: and.
• Cognados verdaderos: cultural, important.
• cognados Falsos: come, large.
• Sufijo: organizational
• Prefijos: N/A
2. Estructura de la oracion: (3 ejemplos)
a) Organizational behavior (OB) is a term related to the study of individual and group dynamics in an organizational setting, as well as the nature of the organizations themselves.
• Frase nominal: Organizational behavior
• Nucleo de la frase nominal: behavior.
• Frase verbal: is a term related to the study of individual and group dynamics in an organizational setting, as well as the nature of the organizations themselves.
b) Whenever people interact in organizations, many factors come into play.
• Frase nominal: Whenever people interact in organizations, many factors
• Nucleo de la frase nominal: factors
• Frase verbal: come into play
c) Organizational behavior (OB) seeks to emphasize the understanding of behavior in organizations so as to develop competencies in foreseeing how people are likely to behave.
• Frase nominal: Organizational behavior
• Nucleo de la frase nominal: behavior
• Frase verbal: seeks to emphasize the understanding of behavior in organizations so as to develop competencies in foreseeing how people are likely to behave.
3.- Estrategias de lectura:
Predicción:
Por la imagen, podemos predecir que el texto se puede referir al trabajo en equipo y para un buen trabajo en equipo se necesita en parte de la motivación, donde la motivación es un proceso fundamental en todo desarrollo tanto personal como empresarial ya que siempre se tiene un motivo del porque hacer las cosas.
Work Motivation
Motivation is a process that starts with physiological or psychological urge or need. It activates a behavior or a drive that is aimed at a goal or incentive. All individuals have a number of basic needs which can be thought as outlets that channel and regulate the flow of potential energy from the reservoir. Most individuals have, within a given socio-cultural system, a similar set of motives or energy outlets; but differ greatly in the relative strength or readiness of various motives and actualization of motives depends on specific situations in which a person finds himself or herself.
Skimming:
• Palabras claves: Work Motivación, physiological, psychologucal,
• Palabras que se repiten: or, individuals, motives.
Biography Gustavo Cisneros. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustavo_Cisneros
Gustavo A. Cisneros Rendiles (born 1945)[1] is a Venezuelan media mogul of Cuban descent. He is among the world's richest men according to Forbes magazine, which estimated his fortune at $5.3 billion in 2002. The New York Times calls Cisneros, "one of Latin America’s most powerful figures" and says he and his wife, Patricia Phelps de Cisneros, have a reputation for being "a Latin American power couple in business and the global social scene.
Cisneros is the son of Diego Cisneros; Diego Cisneros was in business in Caracas from 1929 and received the Pepsi concession for Venezuela in 1940, before going on to gain the concession for private TV channel Venevisión in 1960.
The Cisneros family was the first-wealthiest in Latin America on the 2006 Forbes ranking. He graduated from Suffield Academy in Connecticut in 1963 and from Babson College in Massachusetts in 1968.
In addition to Venezuelan citizenship, Cisneros also holds Spanish and Dominican citizenship.
Cisneros' wealth comes from his holdings in media, entertainment, telecommunications and consumer products companies. The Cisneros Group of Companies is one of the largest Spanish-language privately-held media and entertainment companies. Until the buyout of Univision, the United States' leading Spanish-language television network, Cisneros was one of the biggest shareholders on the Company. He also owns Venevision International, which produces and distributes media and entertainment products throughout the world, and Venevisión, a Venezuelan television network. Since 1980 the Group has owned the Miss Venezuela contest and since 2001 also the Leones del Caracas baseball team.
Scanning: (Preguntas puntuales sobre fechas, sitios, etc)
1- ¿Cuándo Nació Gustavo Cisneros?
- Nació en 1945.
2- ¿Como se llama su esposa?
- Patricia Phelps de Cisneros
3- ¿De qué descendencia procede Gustavo Cisneros?
- Es de descendencia Cubana.
• Marcadores de definición: is
• Marcadores de tiempo: 1945, in 1960, in 1940, in 1963.
• Marcadores de secuencia: NA
Unidad VI parte b
HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT
Difficulties arise in tracing the history of management. Some see it (by definition) as a late modern (in the sense of late modernity) conceptualization. On those terms it cannot have a pre-modern history, only harbingers (such as stewards). Others, however, detect management-like-thought back to Sumerian traders and to the builders of the pyramids of ancient Egypt. Slave-owners through the centuries faced the problems of exploiting/motivating a dependent but sometimes unenthusiastic or recalcitrant workforce, but many pre-industrial enterprises, given their small scale, did not feel compelled to face the issues of management systematically. However, innovations such as the spread of Arabic numerals (5th to 15th centuries) and the codification of double-entry book-keeping (1494) provided tools for management assessment, planning and control.
Given the scale of most commercial operations and the lack of mechanized record-keeping and recording before the industrial revolution, it made sense for most owners of enterprises in those times to carry out management functions by and for themselves. But with growing size and complexity of organizations, the split between owners (individuals, industrial dynasties or groups of shareholders) and day-to-day managers (independent specialists in planning and control) gradually became more common.
Secuencia u Ordenamiento.
Ordenamiento de Tiempo
- 1949.
- 5th to 15th centuries
Enlaces
Blogs de Marketing es importante conocer de ellos ya que han evolucionado hasta convertirse en referencias de obligada lectura. Publicaciones que descubren las innovaciones, tendencias y los nuevos conceptos del Marketing que a su vez, se convierten en comunicadores y medio de difusión de las campañas de publicidad más innovadoras y creativas.
Tips de Negocios: es interesante conocer varias opiniones y articulos que se pueden llevar a cabo en una empresa, y tomarlos como tips para poder gerenciar.
Biografia Andres Eloy Blanco
1. ¿Cual es la idea general del texto?
- Biografia de Andres Eloy Blanco.
2. ¿Que palabras se repiten?
- Cumana, He, Was, Hes.
3. ¿Que palabras se parecen en español?
- festival, lenguaje, studiad, secondary, central, university.
4. ¿Cuales palabras en negrita, el titulo, subtitulo o graficos, que te ayudan a entender el texto?
- about Andres Eloy Blanco.
5. ¿ De que trata el Texto? lee el primer parrafo y el ultimo o la ultimas ideas del ultimo parrafo.
- Biografia de Andres Eloy Blanco, habla de sus estudios, su carrera.
6. ¿Cuando nacio Andres Eloy Blanco?.
- En agosto 1899 en cumana.
7. ¿ Donde estudio?
- estudio en Cumana y completo estudios en Caracas se graduo en la universidad central.
8. ¿ Cual fue su carrera?
- Doctor y Ciencias Politicas y Social.
Marcadores de Tiempo
Peter Ferdinand Drucker (November 19, 1909 – November 11, 2005) was a writer, management consultant, and self-described “social ecologist.” His books and scholarly and popular articles explored how humans are organized across the business, government and the nonprofit sectors of society. His writings have predicted many of the major developments of the late twentieth century, including privatization and decentralization; the rise of Japan to economic world power; the decisive importance of marketing; and the emergence of the information society with its necessity of lifelong learning. In 1959, Drucker coined the term “knowledge worker" and later in his life considered knowledge work productivity to be the next frontier of management.
Marcadores de Tiempo:
November 19, 1909 – November 11, 2005
late twentieth century
1959
later
nex
viernes, 6 de agosto de 2010
UNIDAD IV parte a
Leadership and Organizational Behavior
Organizational Behavior (OB) is the study and application of knowledge about how people, individuals, and groups act in organizations. It does this by taking a system approach. That is, it interprets people-organization relationships in terms of the whole person, whole group, whole organization, and whole social system. Its purpose is to build better relationships by achieving human objectives, organizational objectives, and social objectives.
As you can see from the definition above, organizational behavior encompasses a wide range of topics, such as human behavior, change, leadership, teams, etc. Since many of these topics are covered elsewhere in the leadership guide, this paper will focus on a few parts of OB: elements, models, social systems, OD, work life, action learning, and change.
Organizational Behavior: is the study and application of knowledge about how people, individuals, and groups act in organizations.
Marcador de Discurso: is
Unidad III
Organization Development
Organization Development (OD) is the systematic application of behavioral science knowledge at various levels, such as group, inter-group, organization, etc., to bring about planned change (Newstrom, Davis, 1993). Its objectives is a higher quality of work-life, productivity, adaptability, and effectiveness. It accomplishes this by changing attitudes, behaviors, values, strategies, procedures, and structures so that the organization can adapt to competitive actions, technological advances, and the fast pace of change within the environment. There are seven characteristics of OD (Newstrom, Davis, 1993):
Humanistic Values: Positive beliefs about the potential of employees (McGregor's Theory Y).
Systems Orientation: All parts of the organization, to include structure, technology, and people, must work together.
Experiential Learning: The learners' experiences in the training environment should be the kind of human problems they encounter at work. The training should NOT be all theory and lecture.
Problem Solving: Problems are identified, data is gathered, corrective action is taken, progress is assessed, and adjustments in the problem solving process are made as needed. This process is known as Action Research.
Contingency Orientation: Actions are selected and adapted to fit the need.
Change Agent: Stimulate, facilitate, and coordinate change.
Levels of Interventions: Problems can occur at one or more level in the organization so the strategy will require one or more interventions.
Tecnicas de Lectura.1. De acuerdo al título y la imagen, ¿cuál cree usted que es el tópico que está a punto de leer?Desarrollo empresarial.2. ¿Cuál es la idea general del texto? Habla acerca del desarrollo organizacional, de su comportamiento en los distintos niveles y de las 7 técnicas del desarrollo organizacional.3. ¿Qué palabras se repiten?Desarrollo organizacional, grupo, tecnología, problemas, nivel.4. ¿Qué palabras se parecen al español?Group, Organization, Systematic, application.5. ¿Cuáles son las palabras en negrita, el titulo, subtitulo o gráficos que te ayudan a entender el texto?.Titulo: desarrollo organizacional, 6. ¿De qué trata el texto? Lee el primer párrafo y el último o la ultimas ideas del último párrafo.El texto define lo que dignifica el desarrollo organizacional, y de su objetivo en la organización, y por ultimo define las 7 características del desarrollo organizacional.
Humanistic Values: Positive beliefs about the potential of employees (McGregor's Theory Y).
Systems Orientation: All parts of the organization, to include structure, technology, and people, must work together.
Experiential Learning: The learners' experiences in the training environment should be the kind of human problems they encounter at work. The training should NOT be all theory and lecture.
Problem Solving: Problems are identified, data is gathered, corrective action is taken, progress is assessed, and adjustments in the problem solving process are made as needed. This process is known as Action Research.
Contingency Orientation: Actions are selected and adapted to fit the need.
Change Agent: Stimulate, facilitate, and coordinate change.
Levels of Interventions: Problems can occur at one or more level in the organization so the strategy will require one or more interventions.
sábado, 31 de julio de 2010
UNIDAD 1 - Ejercicio 1
It’s been less than a year since the devastating floods swept the North West, yet millions of people in the region are now facing a hose pipe ban.The restrictions came into force at 6am this morning and will include households in major cities including Manchester and Liverpool. United Utilities, the company enforcing the ban, said the measure would ‘make sure that we don’t run out of water during what could be a long, dry summer.’It added that only around half the amount of rain had fallen since January compared to the annual average and that reservoirs, which are expected to be around 75 per cent full for this time of year, are just over 50 per cent full today.So where exactly has all the water gone? Leaks in the system are one culprit. Last year residents in Merseyside experienced a major flood following a burst water main - the third in 18 months.There should be a place for technology to tackle these leaks, which United Utilities claims are hard to detect as many lie under buildings, roads and motorways.Another solution would be build more reservoirs. Thames Water has recently put forward plans to build a £1bn reservoir near Abingdon in Oxfordshire which would have a capacity equivalent to half of Lake Windermere.While many of the areas that experienced the flooding in the North West, including Carlisle and Allerdale, are excluded from the ban the irony has not been lost on local residents.Whatever causes and exacerbates the floods, the fact remains that both companies and the government need to come up with a better way of managing water in the UK if future shortages are to be prevented.
Sustantivo.Verbos.
Adverbio.
Articulo.
Preposicion.
Conjuncion.
Demostrativo.
UNIDAD 1 - EXCERCISE 2
Strategic management
Strategic management is a level of managerial activity under setting goals and over Tactics. Strategic management provides overall direction to the enterprise and is closely related to the field of Organization Studies. In the field of business administration it is useful to talk about "strategic alignment" between the organization and its environment or "strategic consistency". According to Arieu (2007), "there is strategic consistency when the actions of an organization are consistent with the expectations of management, and these in turn are with the market and the context."
Sustantivo.
Verbos.
Adverbio.
Articulo.
Preposición.
Conjunción.
Demostrativo.
Cognado Positivo.
Oración
1. Strategic management is a level of managerial activity under setting goals and over Tactics.
2. Strategic management provides overall direction to the enterprise
Strategic management is a level of managerial activity under setting goals and over Tactics. Strategic management provides overall direction to the enterprise and is closely related to the field of Organization Studies. In the field of business administration it is useful to talk about "strategic alignment" between the organization and its environment or "strategic consistency". According to Arieu (2007), "there is strategic consistency when the actions of an organization are consistent with the expectations of management, and these in turn are with the market and the context."
Sustantivo.
Verbos.
Adverbio.
Articulo.
Preposición.
Conjunción.
Demostrativo.
Cognado Positivo.
Oración
1. Strategic management is a level of managerial activity under setting goals and over Tactics.
2. Strategic management provides overall direction to the enterprise
Ejercicio 2. Lea los siguientes textos y extraiga las definiciones y los marcadores del discurso.
a) Epistemology (from Greek επιστήμη - episteme, "knowledge" + λόγος, "logos") or theory of knowledge is a branch of philosophy concerned with the nature and scope of knowledge.[1] The term was introduced into English by the Scottish philosopher James Frederick Ferrier (1808-1864).[
Much of the debate in this field has focused on analyzing the nature of knowledge and how it relates to similar notions such as truth, belief, and justification. It also deals with the means of production of knowledge, as well as skepticism about different knowledge claims. In other words, epistemology primarily addresses the following Unidad IV. Ejercicios - Pág. 4 questions: "What is knowledge?", "How is knowledge acquired?", and "What do people know?”
Encyclopedia of Philosophy, Volume 3, 1967, Macmillan, Inc. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epistemology, consultado el 30/06/2008
• Epistemology: is a branch of philosophy concerned with the nature and scope of knowledge.
• Marcadores del discurso: is.
b) Interpersonal communication is defined by communication scholars in numerous ways, though most definitions involve participants who are interdependent on one another, have a shared history. Communication channels are the medium chosen to convey the message from sender to receiver. Communication channels can be categorized into two main categories: Direct and Indirect channels of communication.
• Interpersonal communication: communication scholars in numerous ways, though most definitions involve participants who are interdependent on one another, have a shared history.
• Marcadores del discurso: is defined by.
*Communication channels: the medium chosen to convey the message from sender to receiver
*Marcadores de discurso: are
c) Neuro-linguistic programming (usually shortened to NLP) is an interpersonal communication model and an alternative approach to psychotherapy that was co-created by Richard Bandler and linguist John Grinder in the 1970s. It was based on the subjective study of language, communication and personal change, in particular, mainly through modeling three successful psychotherapists, Fritz Perls (gestalt therapy), Virginia Satir (family systems therapy), and eventually Milton H. Erickson (clinical hypnosis). Bandler and Grinder aimed to discover and model the successful patterns of behavior and communication distinguishing these exceptional individuals from their peers. Some consider NLP to still be a set of techniques or strategies for enhancing communication and personal influence rather than a model or theory.
• Neuro-linguistic programming: an interpersonal communication model and an alternative approach to psychotherapy that was co-created by Richard Bandler and linguist John Grinder in the 1970s
• Marcadores del discurso: is
Unidad IV ejercicio 1 - Termino definido
a) Traditional leadership theory is narrowly concerned with top-down leadership in large organizations.
b) Ethics refers to learning what is right or wrong, and then doing the right thing.
c) Coaching is partnering with clients in a thought-provoking and creative process that inspires them to maximize their personal and professional potential.
d) The word leadership can refer to: 1. The ability "to get people to follow voluntarily." 2. Those entities that perform one or more acts of leading. 3. The ability to affect human behavior so as to accomplish a mission designated by the leader. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leadership, consultado el 30/06/2008
e) Education encompasses teaching and learning specific skills, and also something less tangible but more profound: the imparting of knowledge, positive judgment and well-developed wisdom. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Education, consultado el 30/06/2008
f) Ontology is known as the branch of philosophy focusing upon the origins, essence and meaning of being.
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